Reversible protein phosphorylation is a crucial post-translational modification that exerts profound effects on numerous biological processes, including but not limited to signal transduction, cell proliferation, intercellular communication, and metabolism. However, its dysregulation is a hallmark of several complex diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes. Protein phosphorylation involves the transfer of γ-phosphate from adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) to specific amino acid residues by kinases, while dephosphorylation is carried out by phosphatases.